Chapter+20+KeyTerms+with+2+Document+APARTS

__KEYTERMS Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: __ an addition to the Monroe Doctrine made by Theodore Roosevelt. It stated that no European countries were allowed to intervene in Latin American affairs. The United States would act as the police force in Latin American countries.

__Dollar Diplomacy:__ U.S. foreign policy created by Pres. William Taft to ensure financial stability in a region in exchange for favorable treatment of U.S commercial interests. The policy grew out of Theodore Roosevelt's peaceful intervention in the Dominican Republic, where U.S. loans had been exchanged for the right to choose the head of customs. Taft's secretary of state, Philander Knox carried out the Dollar Diplomacy in Central America and China (1909-1910).

__Moral Diplomacy:__ Form of diplomacy proposed by Woodrow Wilson. The policy condemned imperialism, and spread democracy and promoted peace. It dealt with Latin American countries. The United States would only trade with them id they had Democratic government or American ideals. If the country did not switch it was hoped that by not trading with them their economy would be affected therefore putting them into submission.

"__Big Stick" Diplomacy:__ Policy named by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt to describe the assertion of U.S. dominance as a moral imperative. It was taken from an African proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far." Roosevelt first used it when he asked Congress for money to increase U.S. naval preparedness to support his diplomatic objectives. The press used the phrase to describe Roosevelt's Latin America policy and his domestic policy of regulating monopolies

__Open Door Policy:__ U.S. policy with respect to China in the late 19th century intended to ensure that China would not be divided among the European nations and Japan and to ensure free access to China for U.S. political and business interests. __Panama Canal:__ An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean; completed 1914.

__Panimanian Revolt__: On 3 November 1903, after the Colombian senate voted to reject a treaty that would have given the United States broad control over a canal, Panamanians launched a revolt. They were led by two groups: officials of the Panama Railroad, held by the French-owned New Panama Canal Company, which sought to benefit financially from selling the rights to build a canal; and leaders of the oligarchy, who hoped for political control of the area once free from Colombia's rule. The rebels were quickly victorious, aided by the presence of American warships sent to intimidate Colombia. On 6 November, President Theodore Roosevelt recognized the new Panamanian regime led by Manuel Amador, who had previously visited the United States seeking promises of assistance. The new government quickly signed a treaty granting all concessions sought by Roosevelt, permitting construction of the Panama Canal. __ Boxer Rebellion: __ The Boxer Rebellion was a violent uprising in China which occurred at the turn of the 20th century. Although the Boxer Rebellion was ultimately unsuccessful, it sparked a number of reforms in Chinese society, ultimately paving the way towards the modernization of China. At the time, many people regarded the participants in the Boxer Rebellion as dangerous upstarts, although after the rise of communism in China, the government later praised the orchestrators of the rebellion for their activities.

__Philippine War:__ The Philippine–American War, sometimes known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection (1899–1902) was an armed military conflict between the Philippines and the United States, which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic against United States' annexation of the islands. The war was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence, following the Philippine Revolution and the Spanish-American War. __ Emilio Aguinaldo: __ Filipino revolutionary leader born near Cavite, Luzon, Philippines. Aguinaldo commanded the Filipino rebellion against Spain (1896-98). After he was elected president by the revolutionary assembly, he led an insurrection against U.S. authority (1899-1991) following the Spanish American War.

__Yellow Journalism:__ Journalism that exploits, distorts, criticizes, and exaggerates to create sensation and attract readers. Was written on yellow paper and was started by Hearts and Pulitzer

__The Maine:__ U.S. battleship destroyed (Feb. 15, 1898) in Havana harbor by an explosion that killed 260 men. The incident helped precipitate the Spanish-American War (Apr., 1898). Commanded by Capt. Charles Sigsbee, the ship had been sent to Cuba to protect American life and property from the revolutionary turmoil there. The sinking of the //Maine// produced an outcry against Spain in the United States, particularly by the more jingoistic newspapers, which held the Spanish government responsible for the disaster. The cause of the explosion was never satisfactorily explained. __ Hawaiian Islands' Annexation: __ America's annexation of Hawaii in 1898 extended U.S. territory into the Pacific and highlighted resulted from economic integration and the rise of the United States as a Pacific power. For most of the 1800s, leaders in Washington were concerned that Hawaii might become part of a European nation's empire. During the 1830s, Britain and France forced Hawaii to accept treaties giving them economic privileges. In 1842, Secretary of State Daniel Webster sent a letter to Hawaiian agents in Washington affirming U.S. interests in Hawaii and opposing annexation by any other nation. He also proposed to Great Britain and France that no nation should seek special privileges or engage in further colonization of the islands. In 1849, the United States and Hawaii concluded a treaty of friendship that served as the basis of official relations between the parties. __ Imperialism: __ The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations.

__New Manifest Destiny:__ New American idea that it was a god given right for America to spread their influence across the world. Also that it was the “White Man’s Burden” to carry the lesser countries and make them better. __ Cuban Revolt: __ Unsuccessful revolt led by Jose Marti against the Spanish rule. __ Hearst and Pulitzer circulation war: __ News paper war between hearts and Pulitzer. They both stretched the problems between Spain and America it resulted in them being accused of yellow journalism. __ Spanish-American War: __ A war between Spain and the United States in 1898 as a result of which Spain ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, and Guam to the United States and abandoned all claim to Cuba, which became independent in 1902.

__Theodore Roosevelt:__ A political leader of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Roosevelt was president from 1901 to 1909. He became governor of New York in 1899, soon after leading a group of volunteer cavalrymen, the Rough Riders, in the Spanish-American War. A Republican, Roosevelt was elected vice president in 1900 under President William McKinley and became president when McKinley was assassinated; he was reelected on his own in 1904. As president, he upheld many of the interests of the Progressive movement. His accomplishments include the breaking up of large monopolies (, better federal inspection of food, closer federal regulation of railroads, and more conservation of natural resources. Roosevelt summarized his foreign policy as “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” Construction of the Panama Canal was begun during his presidency. He did not seek reelection in 1908, but ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in 1912 as the candidate of the Progressive party. __ Anti-Imperialist League: __ The anti-imperialist league was an organization established in the united States on June w5, 1898 to battle the American annexation of the Philippines, officially called insular arwas. The Anti- imperialist league opposed annexation on economic, legal, and moral grounds.

__Platt Amendment:__ An amendment signed by President William McKinley on March 2, 1901 to specify conditions for the removal of U.S. troops from Cuba. It required that Cuba cede land for U.S. military and naval bases, allowing U.S. intervention to preserve Cuban independence, and agree not to transfer land to any other power. Cuba incorporated the provisions into its constitution, and the amendment regulated Cuban-American relations until it was abrogated in 1934.

__Commodore George Dewey:__ In 1897 he commanded the U.S. Asiatic Squadron. In the Spanish-American War he sailed from Hong Kong to the Philippines to defeat the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Manila Bay __ Rough Riders: __ Members of the 1st volunteer Cavalrt regiment in the Spanish-American War. The group organized and led by Theodore Roosevelt, included cowboy, miners, policemen, and college athletes. The most famous its exploits in the fighting in Cuba was an uphill charge in the Battle of Santiago (July 1, 1898) in which the group helped capture Kettle Hill and then charged across a valley to assist in the seizure of San Juan ridge and its high point, San Juan Hill. Wide coverage of the regiment in the U.S. press helped establish Roosevelt's reputation. Panamanian Revolt: