Ch+28+-+Key+Terms+and+APARTS

=Chapter 28 - Key Terms and APPARTS=

Key Terms
General Douglas MacArthur - He led one of the two broad offensives to turn the tide against the Japanese. He would move north from Australia, through New Guinea, and then back into the Philippines.


 * Admiral Chester Nimitz** - He led the the other of the two broad offensives against the Japanese. He would move west from Hawaii toward major Japanese islands in the central Pacific.


 * General George C. Marshall** - The army chief of staff who supported a plan for a major Allied invasion of France across the English Channel in 1943.


 * General George S. Patton** - He regrouped the American troops and began a counteroffensive after the Americans were defeated by the Germans at the Kasserine Pass in Tunisia.[[image:http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00841/HOLOCAUST/holocaust%20pics/holocaust_israel_survivors.jpg width="154" height="200" align="right"]]


 * Siege of Stalingrad** - After many attempts by Hitler to seize Stalingrad, the Soviets were able to defend the attack but the Soviets lost many civilians and their countryside was devastated.

The Holocaust - The Nazi campaign to exterminate the Jews of Europe, which was confronted by the leaders of the American government.


 * [|Anti-Semitism]** - The believe that Jews shouldn't enter the United States in large numbers. The anti-Semitists ignored and rejected the ideas of helping the Jews.


 * Union Power** - The war created a serious labor shortage. Then those jobs were filled up with the previously unemployed and women. This resulted in a boost to union membership, but there were also restrictions on unions because the government didn't want to create an inflation, but rather keep production moving without disruption.


 * Office of Price Administration** - Led by Leon Henderson and then by Chester Bowles, the OPA had the authority to freeze agricultural prices, wages, salaries, and rents throughout the country.


 * War Production Board** - It was created to control the military purchases and give the nation its war needs. It was unable to control the military purchases but still managed to meet the nation's critical war needs.


 * [|A. Phillip Randolph]** - He insisted that the government require companies to integrate their work forces and Randolph threatened that a march of over 100,000 people would take place in Washington. Roosevelt became afraid and he created the Fair Employment Practices Commission.


 * Fair Employment Practices Commission** - It investigated discrimination against blacks in war industries. The FEPC's power was limited but it was victory for the African-Americans.


 * Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)** - It was organized in 1942 and it mobilized mass popular resistance to discrimination in a new way that former conservative organizations had never done.


 * Native American Code-Talkers** - Native Americans during the war who worked in military communications and spoke in their own languages over the radio, because enemy forces would not be able to understand.
 * Indian Reorganization Act of 1934** - The war showed that Indians and their culture could help the United States and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was created to reorganize the Indians and make sure that their culture isn't lost.

[|"Rosie the Riveter"] - It was the famous wartime image that symbolized the importance of women in the industrial work force. Women also joined unions which helped end the prejudice against working mothers.


 * USO** - It recruited thousands of young women to serve as hostesses in clubs. The women were supposed to dress attractively and interact comfortably with the men at the clubs.


 * Japanese Internment** - Japanese Americans were treated unfairly, just like the Chinese had been. Many white Americans thought that even though they were born here, they were so foreign that they could never become real Americans.

[|Election of 1944] - The major issues of the campaign was not the war, but rather the domestic issues and the health of the president. Roosevelt, even though he was sick, still defeated Dewey.


 * General Dwight D. Eisenhower** - He was the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces and led the troops to the battle on D-Day.


 * [|D-Day]** - Began on June 6th, 1944 when General Dwight D. Eisenhower led the troops to the narrowest part of the English Channel. D-Day is considered to have the greatest array of naval vessels and armaments ever assembled in one place.


 * Battle of the Bulge** - The battle that the Germans drove about 50 miles toward Antwerp before they were stopped at Bastogne. The battle ended serious German resistance in the west.


 * V-E Day** - On May 8, 1945 the German forces surrendered. V-E Day then created a great celebration in the United States and in Western Europe.

Battle for Okinawa - Okinawa was an island that showed the strength of the Japanese. The Japanese would send kamikaze planes on American and British ships. They would also attack the Americans at night. The Americans lost about 50,000 men before they captured Okinawa. Manhattan Project - It was the massive scientific and technological effort conducted at hidden laboratories to create a successful atomic weapon.


 * Hiroshima and Nagasaki ** - The two Japanese cities that were hit by the American atomic bombs. At Hiroshima, the atomic bomb was able to completely incinerate a four-square-mile area at the center of the city. At Nagasaki, the other atomic bomb created horrible damage to the city and killed over 100,000 people.

3 Documents and APPARTS
Soldiers Without Guns

Author: This poster was taken from the Library of Congress.

Place and Time: This poster was created in the United States during the World War II.

Prior Knowledge: It would be helpful to know that in the earlier wars that the United States was in, the women stepped up and played a major role in the home front. Then in World War II, the same was expected from the women.

Audience: This poster was intended for women in the United States. The government wanted to women to help out the war.

Reason: This poster was made to influence more women to help in the war by getting jobs, becoming nurses, or doing anything else that would help.

The Main Idea: The poster wanted women to help out in the war in any way that they could.

Significance: The significance of the poster is that it influenced women to take jobs in the factories and become nurses so that they could help out in the war.

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Author: Joe Rosenthal, he is the American photographer famous for taking the picture of the American troops raising the flag on Iwo Jima.

Place and Time: This photograph was taken on February 23, 1945 on Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima.

Prior Knowledge: It would be helpful to know that the war was a long struggling battle and it was a relieve that the flag was put up on enemy territory.

Audience: This photograph is intended for anybody who is interested in World War II and the Battle of Iwo Jima.

Reason: The author wanted to show the emotional moment when the American troops placed their flag on enemy territory after a struggling war.

The Main Idea: The main idea of the photograph is that the Americans defeated the Japanese in the Battle of Iwo Jima.

Significance: The significance of the picture is that it is basically the picture that sums up the war. The Americans fought a long and hard war, and it was a relieve when that flag was put up on Iwo Jima.

Hiroshima, September 1945

Author: This photograph was taken by a U.S. Navy photographer.

Place and Time: This photograph was taken in Hiroshima about a month after the atomic bomb was dropped there.

Prior Knowledge: It would be helpful to know that the United States dropped one of their atomic bombs on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

Audience: The photograph is intended for people who are interested to learn about the effect of the bombing on Hiroshima.

Reason: The author took this photograph to show how Hiroshima was effected by the bombing.

The Main Idea: The main idea is that the bombing of Hiroshima changed everybody's lives and was a major turning point of the war.

Significance: The significance of this photograph is that caused the Japanese to become more weak in the war.


 * Sources:**
 * [|American History: A Survey 12th Edition]
 * [|United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination]
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