Ch.+29+-+Vocabulary+and+AP+PARTS

=CH.29 Vocabulary (Key Terms) and AP PARTS  __Vocabulary (Key Terms)__ =


 * Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI BIll) (1944)- Act that provided the returning returning WWII veterans, or GIs, as they were called, low interest federal loans to continue their college or university education, start businesses, and buy homes.
 * [|Baby Boom] - A post-WWII period between 1945 and 1965 in which the U.S. saw a significant increase in the birth rate. Suburban growth and technological advances were two of the major factors that led to this period.
 * Suburban Growth- Suburbanization swept across the U.S. as numerous homes, suitable for the middle class, were built away, yet close to, the major cities. This led many middle class citizens to leave the chaotic environment of the city. Suburban growth did, however, worsen the status of cities as poverty and crime increase.
 * Sunbelt- A region that includes the South and Southwest part of the Untied States. The Sunbelt states includes states such as Texas, Florida, Louisiana, Oklahoma, etc.
 * Harry Truman- Became the 33rd president of the United States on April 12, 1945 after President Franklin D. Roosevelt died. Truman adopted the policy of Containment, which called for restricting the spread of Soviet and Communist influence in other countries.
 * Council of Economic Advisers- A group of economic advisors that help the president develop the economic policy.
 * Twenty-second Amendment- Passed on March 21, 1947, the 22nd amendment limited the president's maximum number of terms to two. The twenty-second Amendment was adopted due to the effort of the Republicans who were angry at FDR, the former democratic president, for being elected four times.
 * Taft-Hartley Act (1947)- Required employers to give a sixty-day notice before ending a contract of a employee. The act also gave the federal government the power to take legal action to delay any strike that threatened the public.
 * Progressive party- Political party aiming to end segregation and provided suffrage to all African Americans.
 * Henry Wallace- The Progressive Vice President of the U.S. with Franklin D. Roosevelt.
 * States-Rights Party (Dixiecrats)- A small faction of the Democratic Party, mainly consisting of southern Democrats. The Dixiecrats favored white supremacy and favored the Jim Crow Laws.
 * J. Strom Thurmond- The governor of South Carolina who unsuccessfully ran for president for the State-Rights Party in 1948.
 * Thomas Dewey- The governor of New York who unsuccessfully ran for president against Truman in 1944 and 1948 as a Republican candidate. Truman pulled out a surprising victory in 1948.
 * Fair Deal- A set of reforms, initiated by President Truman, similar to the ones included in the New Deal. Virtually all Fair Deal reforms were restricted by the Republican Congress. Only the reforms of the increase of the minimum wage and the enlargement of the Social Security were initiated.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Cold War- A rivalry or a "war of words" between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Although it is called a war, there was no fighting between the two nations. The Cold War lasted from 1946 through 1991.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Soviet Union- A nation formed in 1922 with the alliance of Russia with several other smaller nations. Was involved in the Cold War with the U.S. until its collapse in 1991.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">United Nations- A representative organization composed of various nations. The UN was aimed at resolving global issues, and consisted of a General Assembly and a Security Council.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Communist satellites- The region of eastern Europe that was under Soviet, thus Communist, control. Was separated by the "iron curtain."
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Iron Curtain- Term coined by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill meaning that Western and Eastern Europe had been virtually divided into two separate parts due to the numerous differences between the two.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Winston Churchill- British Prime Minister and a member of the "Big Three." Churchill worked with President Truman to restrict the spread of Communism.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">George Kennan- An American political advisor who developed the base of the Containment Policy which was later adopted by Truman. Kennan stated that the U.S. needed to create a foreign policy that could "contain" the Soviet Union.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Dean Acheson- Truman's Secretary of State who helped design the Marshall Plan, NATO, the Truman Doctrine, and most of the U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Containment policy- Policy adopted by President Truman that called for "containing" Soviet and Communist expansion. The Containment policy was based on the ideas of George Kennan.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Truman Doctrine- Truman's policy during the Cold War. The Truman Doctrine is usually associated with the Containment Policy, in that the Truman Doctrine was established George Kennan's Containment Policy.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Marshall Plan- A plan, developed by the Secretary of State George Marshall, aimed at reviving European nations. The Marshall stated that aid would be given to any country that was willing to join this plan of recovery. The Soviet Union refused to accept the offer.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Berlin airlift- U.S. attempt to fly supplies and food to the people of West Berlin. The Berlin Airlift was applied when the Soviet Union set up a blockade of West Berlin in hopes of restricting U.S. intervention.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">West and East Germany- Germany was temporarily divided into four zones of influence; the United States, France, Britain, and the Soviet Union received a zone respectively. The American, French, and British zones were later joined to form West Germany, while the Soviet part became East Germany.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Germany- A nation in the heart of Europe. Received the blame for starting both of the World Wars. Germany's economy was completely shattered after the World Wars.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- An organization between countries that aimed for the self-defense against the Soviet Union or Communism.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">National Security Act (1947)- Created the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Council. Aimed at cracking down any Communist connections.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Arms race- A period of intense competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to develop the most advance and powerful weapons.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Douglas MacArthur- An American general who led the U.N. forces during the Korean War. Was fired by Truman after his refusal to obey Truman's orders of not making any public statements.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Chinese Civil War (Revolution) - A war between the Chinese Nationalist, or Kuomintang, Party, led by Chiang Kai-shek, and the Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong. Mao was eventually successful in taking over the Chinese government.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Chiang Kai-shek- The leader of the Chinese Nationalist or Kuomintang Party. Lost the Chinese Civil War against The Chinese Communist Party, and had to flee to the island of Famosa, or Taiwan.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Taiwan- Also known as the island of Famosa. Chiang Kai-shek established his Nationalist government in Taiwan and believed for it to be the legitimate Chinese government.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Mao Zedong -Mao Zedong was the man who founded Communist Party of China. He learned of the Communist theories while working as an assistant librarian at the Peking University Library. He
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">People's Republic of China- Mao Zedong established a full Communist government on mainland China after defeating Chiang. Mao's government was called the People's Republic of China.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Joseph Stalin- Soviet Communist leader that led the Soviet Union virtually the whole Cold War. Was one of the members of the "Big Three," along with Harry S. Truman and Winston Churchill.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Kim II Sung- Korean Communist leader of North Korea after its establishment.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Syngman Rhee- the president of South Korea.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Korean War - A conflict between the Communist forces of North Korea and the pro-democracy forces of South Korea. U.N. troops were sent to help South Korea, while the Chinese soldiers entered the war to help North Korea. The war ended in a stalemate with two nations forming divided at the 38th parallel.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">38th parallel - The division line of North and South Korea. The division line had changed many times during the Korean War, however it was resettled just north of the 38th parallel after the war.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[|Dennis el al. vs United States] - Supreme Court Case that tested the constitutionality of the Smith Act. The Court ruled that the Smith Act did not violate the First Amendment.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Smith Act (1940)- Made illegal the teaching about the overthrow of the government. It also made illegal the joining of an organization that had plans of overthrowing the government.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">McCarran Internal Security Act (1950)- Allowed the investigation of any connections any organization favoring a totalitarian government.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">House Un-American Activities Committee- A part of the House of Representatives aimed at the investigation of Communist connections.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Alger Hiss -A lawyer who was convicted of having Communist connections. Richard Nixon played a significant role in convicting Hiss during the trial.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Whittaker Chambers - A writer who admitted in helping the Soviet Union gain valuable information.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">[|Rosenburg Case] -Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were convicted for supplying the Soviet Union with valuable information on the atomic bomb.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Joseph McCarthy - Senator from Wisconsin who claimed in possessing the names of over 200 Communist members in the State Department. Was later proven a fraud during a televised Senate hearing by the Army.

=<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__AP PARTS Documents__ =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Author__: Gary E. Oldenburger; The author's point of view is that the Soviet Union wanted to become the world superpower by spreading Communism throughout various countries.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Place and Time__: U.S.A., U.S.S.R., China, Vietnam, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, etc; Cold War (1947-1991)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Prior Knowledge__: The Soviet Union tried to spread Communism where ever possible. The U.S.S.R. was mainly trying to establish its position as the world superpower. To achieve that superpower position, they had to first deal with the U.S.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Audience__: Anyone who is interested in the Cold War and the spread of Communism.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Reason__: To show the audience how the Soviet Union, portrayed as the bear, tried to spread Communism (the bear is wearing a necklace with the Communism symbol on it). The author also wanted to show the audience that the U.S., portrayed as Uncle Sam, was the main rival and barrier for the spreading Communism of the U.S.S.R.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__The Main Ide__a: The Soviet Union tried aggressively to spread Communism to other countries.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Significance__: This document is significant in that it displays the spread of Communism from a different angle. It gives the audence a different picture of how the U.S.S.R. attempted to spread Communism to different countries. The document also provides the names of specific countries that mainly targeted by the Soviet Union for the spread of Communism.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Author__: Sfc. Al Chang; The point of view of the photographer is that there was much chaos and confusion in the Korean War. The soldiers had to suffer and face emotional as well as physical problems.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Place and Time__: Aug 28, 1950. The picture was taken during the Korean War, thus it shows the exact characteristics of the soldiers involved, and the war itself.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Prior Knowledge__: Most of the United Nations' soldiers consisted of American soldiers. Thus most of the UN soldiers that died in the war were Americans.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Audience__: All the people who had even some kind of connection to the Korean War.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Reason__: To show the people of numerous countries what kind of environment the soldiers were in during the Korean War and what they were going through.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__The Main Idea__: The soldiers involved in the Korean War were going through a horrific time. Not only were people dying, but many others were suffering from mental and physical illness and disability.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Significance__: The photograph grabs the viewers attention and emotions in that it shows a solider trying to help a grieving soldier. In the background, the viewer can see another soldiers counting the causalities in a book. It shows the viewer how horrific and chaotic the Korean War was.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Author__: Daniel Fitzpatrick; The point of view of the author is that the Soviet blockade of the city of Berlin proved to be ineffective against the U.S. Airlift.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Place and Time__: U.S.A.; 1949
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Prior Knowledge__: Joseph Stalin ordered a blockade of Berlin in order to reduce U.S. involving in European affairs. The Berlin blockade cut off all supplies that were going into the city of Berlin. President Truman, trying to avoid a nuclear war, did not initiate a military conflict. Instead he sent airplanes to fly supplies to the people of Berlin. Stalin had to dismantle the ineffective blockade after ten months.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Audience__: The people who are patriotic towards the U.S. Also, the people who were supporting Communism.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Reason__: The author wanted to show the audience that the Berlin Blockade was ineffective and the airlift by the U.S. eventually led Stalin to dismantle the blockade.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__The Main Idea__: The Berlin Airlift caused the Berlin Blockade to collaspe.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Significance__: The cartoon shows the viewer that the Berlin Airlift, portrayed by the smoke in the clouds, proved to be too much for the Soviets. This shows the viewers that the U.S. was determined to fight against Communism and restrict its spread in any way possible.

=**<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">__Sources__ **=
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Website: www.wikipedia.org
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">American History (textbook): Alan Brinkley
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination (AMSCO): John J. Newman and John m. Schmalbach
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Princeton Review: Cracking the AP U.S. History Exam (2010 Edition) - Tom Meltzer, Jean Hofheimer Bennett, and Susan Bennett
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Barrons: AP United States History Flash Cards - Michael R. Bergman and Kevin D. Preis
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">First Document: []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Second Document: []
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Third Document: []

__**External Links**__
 * Oyez: []
 * About: []
 * Atomic Archive: []