Battle+of+First+Manassas

​​​ = When? July 21,1861 = = Where? Manassas (Bull Run to the Union) in Northern VA = = Generals? Irvin McDowell and P.G.T Beauregard =

Random Fact: people actually went to watch the battle with picnic lunches
 * first major land battle of the Civil War
 * near the Railroad junction of Manassas
 * General Irvin McDowell was in command of the Union army (about 30,000 men)
 * Union divided into 4 or 5 divisions commanded by Tyler, Hunter, Heintzelman, Miles and Runyan is the 5th
 * mostly 90-day volunteers recruited by President Lincoln after Fort Sumter
 * P.G.T Beauregard commanded the Confederate army of the Potomac and General Johnston commanded the Army of the Shenandoah
 * 2 "armies" equal numbers of McDowell's army
 * no division structure and 13 brigades
 * Leaders of the brigades were Bonham, Ewell, Jones, Longstreet, Cocke, Early, Holmes, Kershaw, Evans, Jackson, Bartow, Bee, Smith and the last was a cavalry brigade under Stuart

=** The Battle **=
 * McDowell's troops marched to Bull Run but Confederates were guarding Union Mills and Stone Bridge (two days before)
 * Union troops were sent north toward Sudley Springs Ford
 * the battle began at 5:30AM with the first shots of the day
 * General McDowell and his troops crossed at Sudley Ford and attacked the Confederates on Matthews Hill
 * Confederates fled to Henry Hill
 * the Confederate brigades came together to try to keep away the Union troops but could not hold them off for too long
 * General Thomas Jackson earned the name "Stonewall"
 * General Bee pointed to him and yelled "There stands Jackson like a stone wall!" as the Union and Confederates tried to get each other off of Henry Hill
 * McDowell's troops were forced to withdrawal once they were attacked by more Confederate troops
 * Confederate armies did not follow the Union army because they were very disorganized and tired
 * Confederate President Jefferson Davis actually arrived at the battlefield just as the fight ended



= The Outcome =
 * **Confederate Victory**
 * about 4,700 casualties total (killed, wounded, captured, or missing)
 * about 2,950 of the Union army
 * about 1,750 of the Confederate army
 * General Bartow and Bee were killed
 * the Union realizes that the war will be long and hard

Sources American History (our Textbook) [|First Battle of Bull Run with battle map] [|First Battle of Manassas] [|more on First Battle of Manassas]